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眩晕是临床上常见的症状,是众多复杂的眩晕性疾病所共有的一种临床表现,常常困扰人们的日常生活。眩晕是指病人自觉自己或周围物体旋转,伴有平衡障碍,如姿势不稳或身体向一侧倾倒,伴有恶心甚至呕吐等症候群,检查病人可有眼球震颤。眩晕性疾病约占耳鼻喉科病人的10～15%。女性多于男性,老年人多于年轻人,其发病有增多趋势。引起眩晕的最常见的病因是耳科疾病,如梅尼埃病、良性阵发性位置性眩晕等,其它常见原因如椎基底动脉供血不足、颈性眩晕、动脉硬化或梗塞等。根据眩晕的疾病部位和原因不同,可将眩晕分为:前庭周围性眩晕、前庭中枢性眩晕和非前庭性眩晕,不能误诊,有些是中枢性眩晕需紧急处理,不然就会有生命危险,而周围性眩晕需全面检查可以确诊,以行病因治疗。
Dizziness is a common clinical symptom, is a common clinical manifestations of many complex vertigo diseases, often troubled people’s daily lives. Vertigo refers to the patient consciously or around the object rotation, accompanied by balance disorders, such as unstable posture or side to side dumping, accompanied by nausea and vomiting and other symptoms, check the patient may have nystagmus. Vertigo-related diseases account for about 10 to 15% of ENT patients. More women than men, older than young people, the incidence of an increasing trend. The most common causes of dizziness are otological diseases such as Meniere’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and other common causes such as vertebrobasilar insufficiency, cervical vertigo, arteriosclerosis or infarction. According to different parts and causes of vertigo, vertigo can be divided into: vestibular peripheral vertigo, vestibular central vertigo and non-vestibular vertigo, can not be misdiagnosed, some are central vertigo need urgent treatment, otherwise it will have life-threatening, and Surrounding vertigo need a comprehensive examination can be confirmed, the cause of treatment.