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自噬是一个高度发达而且十分保守的生物学分解代谢过程。自噬与肿瘤的关系十分密切,在肿瘤发生发展的过程中,自噬活性的改变却是一把双刃剑。自噬,它既能够使肿瘤细胞耐受不同的应激条件而使其获得更好的生存,也可以通过各种信号途径减轻许多不良应激条件下的细胞损伤,如慢性炎症、慢性细胞死亡及基因组损伤等,从而而减少肿瘤的发生。再者,一方面,某些肿瘤的发生和发展过程中也同样依赖于自噬,并且肿瘤细胞可以利用自噬来对抗抗癌药物的一定的细胞毒性。而另一方面,有些癌症却需要利用自噬的作用来杀死肿瘤细胞。虽然自噬与肿瘤的关系是十分复杂的,也存在不少的分歧,但总的来说自噬在癌症中的作用是至关重要的。结合近年来国内外研究的发展,我们这篇综述重点讨论的是自噬在癌症中的作用,并且探讨其潜在的作用机制,以及目前自噬在癌症治疗中的应用。
Autophagy is a highly developed and very conservative process of biological catabolism. The relationship between autophagy and tumor is very close, in the process of tumor development, the change of autophagy activity is a double-edged sword. Autophagy, which can not only make tumor cells tolerate different stress conditions to make it better survival, but also through a variety of signaling pathways to alleviate cell damage in many adverse stress conditions, such as chronic inflammation, chronic cell death And genomic damage, thereby reducing the incidence of cancer. Furthermore, on the one hand, some tumors also depend on autophagy during their development and progression, and tumor cells can use autophagy to combat the certain cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs. On the other hand, some cancers need to use the role of autophagy to kill tumor cells. Although the relationship between autophagy and tumor is very complex, there are many differences, but in general the role of autophagy in cancer is crucial. Combined with the development of the research at home and abroad in recent years, our review focuses on the role of autophagy in cancer and explore its potential mechanism of action, as well as the current application of autophagy in the treatment of cancer.