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由王阳明开启的心学潮流，其学风自明中叶后逐渐流于空疏和狂荡，其无济于国计民生的面目暴露无遗。明清之际的思想大家黄宗羲为重建儒学“经纬天地” 的品格，对明代学术和宋元学术进行了系统总结，将宋明理学的气本派、理本派、心本派冶为一炉，建构了其独具特色的本体一工夫学说，将儒者之学落实到事关国计民生的日用事为中，形成了其哲学的强烈的经世品格。
The psychology trend opened by Wang Yangming gradually disappears from the national economy and people’s livelihood due to his style of learning that has gradually become empty and rampant since the mid-Ming. Huang Zongxi, a thinker in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, made a systematic summary of the academic and Song-Yuan scholarship in Ming Dynasty in order to rebuild Confucianism’s “Jingwei world” , Constructs its unique ontology-time theory, and embodies the philosophy of Confucianism in the daily affairs of the people’s livelihood and the livelihood of the people’s livelihood, forming a strong character of the world through its philosophy.