Future challenges of agriculture inevitably demand knowledge and technology based revitalization of farming. A strategic and rational resource management approach has to be adopted for achieving the productivity enhancement goals without compromising on natural resources. Intensive farming system characterized by intensive use of chemical inputs, though made it possible to significantly increase the productivity during 20th century assuring proper food for the growing population, created several health and environmental concerns, compromised on crop quality and has become cost intensive. Its potential is exhausted. However, these problems are not the inevitable consequences of intensive farming system. These problems can be readdressed and their intensity can be alleviated by shifting-over to “Biotechnological-intensive Farming System”. Biotechnology and genetic transformation techniques in combination with conventional breeding methods can produce better quality and high yielding novel crops with enhanced nutritional level, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses leading to less use of chemicals thereby lowering the production cost and ameliorating the problems affiliated with intensive farming system. Biotechnological-intensive Farming System has a greater potential to meet the future challenges of food production in 21st century for burgeoning population. It is compatible with the objective of integrated resource management for sustainability of agricultural resource foundation and is human and environment friendly. Combining biotechnological innovations and genetic modification of crops with farming under a suitable policy framework is our best hope for the future. Future challenges of agriculture inevitably demand knowledge and technology based revitalization of farming. A strategic and rational resource management approach has to be adopted for achieving the productivity enhancement without concising on natural resources. Intensive farming system characterized by intensive use of chemical inputs, though it possible to significantly increase the productivity during 20th century assuring proper food for the growing population, created several health and environmental concerns, compromised on crop quality and has become cost intensive. Its potential is exhausted. However, these problems are not the consequences of the consequences of of intensive farming system. These problems can be readdressed and their intensity can be alleviated by shifting-over to “Biotechnological-intensive Farming System”. Biotechnology and genetic transformation techniques in combination with conventional breeding methods can produce better quality and high yielding no vel crops with enhanced nutritional level, resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses leading to less use of chemicals thereby lowering the production costs and ameliorating the problems affiliated with intensive farming system. Biotechnological-intensive Farming System has a greater potential to meet the future challenges of food production in 21st century for burgeoning population. It is compatible with the objective of integrated resource management for sustainability of agricultural resource foundation and is human and environment friendly. Combining biotechnological innovations and genetic modification of crops with farming under a suitable policy framework is our best hope for the future.