目的观察小剂量重组人红细胞生成素治疗尿毒症贫血的药物动力学和疗效及对血压的影响，探索更为有效、安全的用药方案。方法红细胞生成素测定采用酶联法。起始剂量２０Ｕ／ｋｇ每日静脉注射，维持Ｈｃｔ３０％～３５％。结果５例尿毒症未透析患者静脉和皮下注射２０Ｕ·ｋｇ－１／ｄ后，１／２消除速率常数（ｋｅ）分别为１４３±７０和７０±３１小时（Ｐ＜００１），平均驻留时间（ＭＲＴ）分别为２０３±４８和８０±２４小时（Ｐ＜００１）；皮下注射后生物利用度（Ｆ）为２３６％±８２％。４７例尿毒症患者治疗２周后Ｈｃｔ显著升高，贫血纠正期总剂量仅为常规剂量（１００Ｕ／ｋｇ每周３次）皮下及静脉组的５５％～６０％和７１％～７１３％（Ｐ＜００１），血压升高发病率显著低于常规剂量组（８５％和２０９％，Ｐ＜００５）。结论本药小剂量每日静脉注射能显著提高对贫血的疗效，降低高血压发生率。 Objective To observe the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of uremic anemia and its influence on blood pressure and to explore more effective and safe drug regimens. Methods Erythropoietin assay using enzyme-linked method. The initial dose of 20U / kg daily intravenous injection, maintain Hct30% ~ 35%. Results One-second elimination rate constants (ke) of 5 patients with uremia and without subcutaneous injection of 20 U · kg-1 / d were 143 ± 70 and 70 ± 31 hours respectively <001), mean residence time (MRT) were 203 ± 48 and 80 ± 24 hours respectively (P <001). The bioavailability (F) after subcutaneous injection was 23  6% ± 8  2%. 47 patients with uremia after 2 weeks of treatment, Hct was significantly increased, the total dose of anemia correction period was only 55% ~ 60% and 71% ~ 71  3% of the conventional dose (100U / kg three times a week) (P <001). The incidence of hypertension was significantly lower than that of the conventional dose (85% and 209%, P <005). Conclusion The daily intravenous injection of small doses of this drug can significantly improve the efficacy of anemia and reduce the incidence of hypertension.