本文从政治与传媒互动的角度梳理了戈尔巴乔夫改革时期苏联传媒体制变迁的过程,展示了传媒体制变迁与改革进程之间的高度契合性。本文认为,这一时期开始之初,苏联传媒是改革的工具,在这一时期结束之时,它成了“第四权力”。根源在于,在此期间苏联传媒所依托的政治制度、经济制度和意识形态发生了本质性变化。 This paper combs the process of the change of the Soviet media system during Gorbachev’s reform from the perspective of the interaction between politics and the media, and shows the highly conformity between the change of the media system and the reform process. This article argues that at the beginning of this period, the Soviet media was a tool of reform. At the end of this period, it became “the fourth power.” The reason for this is that the political system, economic system and ideology on which the Soviet media is based have undergone fundamental changes during this period.