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我们经常在电影中看到,或从书中读到这样的情节:某个伤员或病人因为缺血而奄奄一息,亟须输血,这时立刻有一位或几位精神崇高的人物捋起衣袖对医生说:“抽我的血吧,我是O型,万能输血者。” 为什么O型血的人是“万能输血者”呢?这还得从血型说起。 人类血液红细胞大体结构相同,但细胞膜上的糖蛋白(又称抗原或凝集原)却存在许多差别。根据不同抗原,可对血液进行分类,即为血型。最为实用和常见的为ABO血型分类系统,是依据红细胞膜上A、B凝集原的有无和多寡进行分类的。红细胞凝集原和血浆凝集素列表如下:
We often see in the movie, or read from the book that a wounded person or patient is short-lived due to ischemia and does not require blood transfusion. At this moment, one or more lofty people lift up their sleeves. The doctor said: “Take my blood, I am O-type, universal blood transfusion.” Why is the type O blood is the “universal blood transfusion”? This has to start with the blood type. Human blood red blood cells have roughly the same structure, but there are many differences in glycoproteins (also called antigens or agglutinogens) on the cell membrane. According to different antigens, blood can be classified as blood type. The most practical and common ABO blood type classification system is based on the classification of the presence and number of A, B agglutinogens on the red blood cell membrane. The list of hemagglutinogen and plasma lectins are as follows: