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通常认为,普通话里的“了_1”分“了_1”和“了_2”。比如“吃了_1饭了_2”,其中了_1附着于动词“吃”的后面,表示动作行为的完成,它是时态助词。了_2附着于全句的末尾,表示一句话的语气(有时兼表时态),它是语气词(或称语气助词,下同)。我们打算就了_2谈一点不同看法。 首先,我们认为了_2不表语气,不宜归入语气词。 所谓语气词,顾名思义有表示某种语气情态的作用。比如“吗”、“呢”、可以表示疑问语气(天气好吗?/这种理论对不对呢?)“吧”、“啊”可以表示祈使语气(祥林嫂,你放着吧!/少东家,你可不能走啊!)“啊”可以表示感叹语气(天气多冷啊!)……“吗”、“呢”、“吧”、“啊”等作为语气词,都有表示一种或几种语气情态的功用。然而了_2没有这种功用。
It is generally assumed that “_1” in Mandarin has been assigned “_1” and “_2”. For example, “eat _1 rice _2”, which _1 attached to the verb “eat” behind, said the completion of the action, it is a tense particle. The _2 attached to the end of the sentence, said the tone of a sentence (sometimes on the table Tense), it is the tone of the word (or tone modifier, the same below). We are going to talk a little differently about _2. First of all, we think that _2 is not a modal tone and should not be classified as a modal particle. The so-called tone of the word, as the name suggests there is a tone of tone that effect. Such as “you”, “it”, you can express the tone of interrogation (the weather is good? / This theory right?) “Bar”, “ah” can be expressed imperative tone (Xianglinsao, you put it! You can not go!) “Ah” can express exclamations (the weather is cold ah!) ... “”, “it”, “bar”, “ah” as a modal word, have expressed a Or several tone modality function. However, _2 does not have this function.