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以核桃属(Juglans)中的普通核桃、核桃楸、河北核桃和黑核桃 4 个种的 18 份种质休眠期的 1 年生枝条为试验材料,采用电解质渗出率法、组织褐变法及氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法并配合Logistic 方程确定枝条的低温半致死温度(LT50);分析了 LT50与枝条解剖结构之间的相关性。结果表明:随着处理温度的降低,休眠期各核桃种质 1 年生枝条的相对电导率(REC)均呈上升趋势;供试种质间抗寒性差异大,LT50在–38 ~–22 ℃之间;种间抗寒性差异明显,依次为黑核桃 > 核桃楸、河北核桃 > 普通核桃。电解质渗出率法、组织褐变法及 TTC 染色法均可用于休眠期核桃属植物的抗寒性鉴定,尤其以电解质渗出率法准确度高。用略高于大部分核桃种质 LT50的温度(–24 ℃)处理枝条,其相对电导率与LT50之间达到极显著正相关,此温度处理下的相对电导率以及枝条的 LT50均可作为休眠期核桃属抗寒性鉴定的理化指标。核桃属 4 树种 1 年生茎粗大致相同的枝条中各组织的厚度差异显著,其中木栓层厚度及其在茎结构中所占的比率与枝条的 LT50之间达到极显著负相关,可作为休眠期核桃抗寒性鉴定的形态结构指标。
The 18-year-old perennial branches of four species of Juglans, including common walnut, Juglans mandshurica, Heibei walnut and Heihe walnut, were used as experimental materials. The electrolyte exudation rate, tissue browning and chlorination TTC staining and Logistic equation were used to determine the LT50 of the shoots. The correlation between LT50 and the anatomy of the shoots was analyzed. The results showed that with the decreasing of treatment temperature, the relative conductivity (REC) of 1-year-old branches of walnut germplasm showed an upward trend during the dormancy period. The cold tolerance of the tested germplasms varied greatly. The LT50 was between -38 and -22 ℃ Between the species; significant difference between the cold hardiness, followed by black walnut> walnut, Hebei walnut> ordinary walnut. Electrolyte exudation rate, Tissue browning method and TTC staining method can be used to identify the cold-tolerance of walnut plants in dormancy, especially with the electrolyte exudation rate method with high accuracy. The shoots were treated with slightly higher temperature (-24 ° C) than most walnut germplasm LT50, and the relative conductivity reached a very significant positive correlation with the LT50, the relative conductivity at this temperature treatment and the shoot LT50 were all dormant Physical and chemical indicators of walnut cold hardiness identification. There was significant difference in the thickness of each tissue among the branches of roughly the same diameter of 1-year-old walnut tree species. The thickness of the cork layer and its ratio in the stem structure reached a very significant negative correlation with the shoot LT50, which could be used as the dormancy Morphological and structural indexes of cold-tolerance identification of walnut.