尽管政府调整市场的努力与政府本身一样具有很长的历史,现代反托拉斯立法仍可以说首创于美国的《1890年谢尔曼法》。从这种较大的视野观察,人们可以看到反托拉斯立法由两个不同的部分组成。第一部分是一套调整企业市场行为的规则。任何经济——资本主义经济、社会主义经济或混合型经济——都必须制定这类规则以能够利用市场。例如必须有一项侵权行为法和一项合同法。在美国反托拉斯立法处理卡特尔和贸易惯例方面,它只是对这两组法律进行修正,从而加强市场上的竞争。然而在美国,反托拉斯立法要比修正商人竞赛规 Although government efforts to adjust markets have as long history as the government itself, modern antitrust legislation can still be described as the Sherman Act of 1890, pioneered in the United States. From this larger perspective, one can see that antitrust legislation consists of two distinct parts. The first part is a set of rules to adjust the market behavior of enterprises. Any economy - a capitalist economy, a socialist economy or a mixed economy - must make such rules to be able to take advantage of markets. For example, there must be a tort law and a contract law. In the United States antitrust legislation to deal with cartels and trade practices, it is only to amend these two groups of laws, thereby enhancing competition in the market. However, in the United States, antitrust legislation is more than amended merchant competition rules