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通过对白桦杂交子代种苗性状的分析,估算白桦亲本的遗传参数,为白桦第二代强化种子园的亲本选配提供理论依据.2003年在白桦强化种子园中以小北湖(BH)3个优树、帽儿山(M)2个优树作为杂交亲本,按5×5完全双列交配设计进行控制杂交,测定白桦25个杂交组合种子的千粒重、发芽率、发芽势及其苗高、地径等.结果表明,25个杂交组合的种子千粒重、发芽率、发芽势及其苗高、地径均存在着极显著的差异;千粒重、发芽率和发芽势的一般配合力、特殊配合力、反交效应差异也达到了极显著水平,苗高的一般配合力差异显著,而地径的一般配合力差异不显著,苗高和地径的特殊配合力及反交效应差异极显著;根据杂交子代一般配合力效应值和特殊配合力效应值,从25个杂交组合中初选M4×M1、BH3×BH2、M4×BH3、BH2×BH1、BH2×M1组合为优良组合,M4和BH3为优良亲本.
The genetic parameters of Betula platyphylla parents were estimated through the analysis of the hybrid seed progenies of Betula platyphylla and provided the theoretical basis for the parental matching of Betula platyphylla second-generation enhanced seed orchard. In 2003, Two elite trees, Mao’ershan (M), two elite trees were used as hybrid parents. The 5 × 5 double crosses were designed to control the hybridization. The 1000-grain weight, germination rate, germination potential and their seedling height , Diameter of soil, etc. The results showed that there were significant differences in 1000-grain weight, germination rate, germination potential, seedling height and diameter of 25 hybrid combinations. The general combining ability of 1000-grain weight, germination rate and germination potential, The difference of force and anti-cross effect also reached the extremely significant level, the difference of general combining ability of seedling height was significant, while the difference of general combining ability of ground diameter was not significant. The special combination ability and cross effect of seedling height and diameter were extremely significant. According to the general combining ability effect value and the special combining ability effect value of hybrid progeny, M4 × M1, BH3 × BH2, M4 × BH3, BH2 × BH1, BH2 × M1 combinations were the best combinations from 25 hybrid combinations, and M4 and BH3 is an excellent parent.