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高分子具有分子量大且呈多分散性、分子间相互作用复杂等特点,很难通过直接溶液组装的方式实现其分子长程有序的规整排列,因此,大尺寸高分子晶体的制备一直都是高分子科学领域中的挑战之一.拓扑化学聚合是一种合成有机高分子材料的重要手段,具有无需溶剂、环境友好及立体性与区域性反应产率高等优点.同时,其还可以通过对有机分子结构的有效控制,实现单体分子晶体到高分子晶体的直接转换,是一种潜在的制备高分子晶体的有效途径.本文系统总结了目前报道的可通过拓扑化学聚合实现高分子晶体制备的一些代表性材料体系,如烯烃及其衍生物类、丁二炔及其衍生物类、叠氮-炔烃类、富勒烯类等,讨论了它们的反应特性及条件,同时简单介绍了对所获高分子晶体材料的基本表征方法和潜在应用领域,并讨论了该领域研究中所存在的各种机遇与挑战.
Macromolecules are characterized by large molecular weight, polydispersity and complex intermolecular interactions, which make it difficult to achieve long-range and orderly alignment of molecules by direct solution assembly. Therefore, macromolecule crystals have been consistently prepared with high One of the challenges in the field of molecular science Topology Chemical polymerization is an important means of synthesis of organic polymer materials, with the advantages of solvent-free, environment-friendly and high stereospecificity and regional reaction rate, The effective control of the molecular structure and the direct conversion of the monomer molecular crystal to the polymer crystal are an effective way to prepare the polymer crystal.This paper systematically summarizes the current reports on the preparation of the polymer crystal by topological chemical polymerization Some representative material systems, such as olefins and their derivatives, diacetylene and its derivatives, azide-alkynes, fullerenes, etc., discussed their reaction characteristics and conditions, at the same time a brief introduction of Obtained the basic characterization methods and potential applications of macromolecule crystal materials, and discussed various opportunities and challenges in the research of this field.