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淋巴管在肿瘤转移过程中起着至关重要的作用。近年来发现,在多种肿瘤组织内部也存在微淋巴管,只是处于萎缩状态,肿瘤内淋巴管生成显著影响未发生肿瘤转移患者的存活率。肿瘤内淋巴管的存在与否有赖于特异淋巴管内皮标志物,近年来发现并被认可的主要有VEGFR-3、Podoplanin、Prox-1、LYVE-1等。研究证实VEGF-C及VEGF-D通过活化VEGFR-3对肿瘤淋巴管生成进行调控。VEGF-C的表达可促进瘤周淋巴管增生,促进肿瘤的淋巴结转移,多数人认为可作为患者预后不良的独立指标;VEGF-D不但可诱导肿瘤内的淋巴管生成,而且可导致肿瘤细胞向附近淋巴道播散,其表达水平与淋巴转移及低生存率相关。针对VEGFR-3信号转导系统的抗淋巴管生成治疗,有望成为抗淋巴转移的一个有效途径,而其中每一个环节都可能成为控制肿瘤生长、转移以及治疗肿瘤的潜在靶点。
Lymphatic vessels play a crucial role in tumor metastasis. In recent years, it has been found that there are also lymphatic vessels within a variety of tumor tissues, but only in atrophic state. Lymphangiogenesis in the tumor significantly affects the survival rate of patients without tumor metastasis. The existence of lymphatic vessels in tumor depends on the specific lymphatic endothelial markers. In recent years, VEGFR-3, Podoplanin, Prox-1 and LYVE-1 have been identified and approved. Studies have shown that VEGF-C and VEGF-D regulate tumor lymphangiogenesis by activating VEGFR-3. VEGF-C expression can promote peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and promote lymph node metastasis, most people think it can be used as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in patients; VEGF-D can not only induce lymphangiogenesis within the tumor, but also lead to the tumor cells to Lymph nodes disseminated nearby, the expression level associated with lymph node metastasis and low survival rate. Anti-lymphangiogenesis therapy targeting the VEGFR-3 signaling system is expected to be an effective anti-lymphatic metastasis pathway and each of these links may be a potential target for controlling tumor growth, metastasis and tumor treatment.