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本文结合近年出土的卜筮祭祷简,探讨新蔡楚简中所见的祖先受祭对象及战国时楚人祖先系统的一些情况。在众多的远祖中,老童、祝融、鬻熊被选出固定成为必受祭祀的“三楚先”。从鬻熊之子熊丽开始到楚武王,则被当作一个整体“荆王”受祭。迁都至郢的楚文王到离墓主最近的一世楚先王则被当作与“荆王”相续的一个整体受祭。墓主对于直系先人和近世先人的祭祀,情况较为复杂。此外,重要的女性祖先也出现在楚人的祖先祭祀系统中。
In this paper, we discuss some of the ancestral sacrificial objects seen in the new Cai Chujian and the ancestor system of the Chu people in the Warring States period, combining with the praying slips of the praying ceremonies unearthed in recent years. Among the many distant ancestors, the elder children, Zhu Rong, and Xiong Xiong were elected to become “Sanchu Xian”, the ones that must be sacrificed. From the bears bear son Xiong Li Chu Wu Wang, was regarded as a whole “Jing King ” by the sacrifice. The Chu King who relocated his capital to the land of Chu King, who was closest to the tomb owner, was treated as a whole as a follow-up to King Jing. The tomb masters for the immediate ancestry and the ancestors of ancient worship, the situation is more complicated. In addition, important female ancestors also appeared in the Chu ancestor worship system.