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真正的对决才刚刚开始《成功营销》:请问过去25年中,跨国企业和本土企业的交锋经历了唧几个阶段?各个阶段有何特征?曾鸣:过去25年,中国有两条主线——改革和开放。改革是不断推进市场化的过程,开放是不断引进外国直接投资(FDI)的过程。以此为基础,跨国企业和本土企业的交锋可以简单划分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是本土企业受到全面冲击。例如1993、1994年的 PC 行业,20世纪80年代末的家电行业,20世纪80年代末和90年代初宝洁和联合利华
The real duel has just begun “successful marketing”: May I ask how many phases of the confrontation between MNCs and local enterprises have taken place in the past 25 years? What are the characteristics of each stage? Zeng Ming: In the past 25 years, China has two main lines - - Reform and opening up. Reform is the process of continuously promoting marketization. Opening up is the continuous introduction of foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on this, the confrontation between multinational enterprises and local enterprises can be simply divided into three stages. The first stage is the full impact of local enterprises. Such as the PC industry in 1993 and 1994, the appliance industry in the late 1980s, Procter & Gamble and Unilever in the late 1980s and early 1990s