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目的探索体育锻炼在心理应激层面上对大学生身心健康的影响,为提升大学生身心健康水平提供指引。方法随机抽取四川大学、电子科技大学、阿坝师范学院3所大学共412名大学生作为研究对象,通过身体活动量表(APARQ)配合代谢当量(MET)对体育锻炼水平进行量化,采用中国大学生心理应激量表(CCSPSS)量化心理应激水平,使用疾病严重性等级量表(SIRS)对学生健康状况进行评价,上述收集到的数据采用多层线性模型进行分析,观察内在相关性。结果 4次测量的体育锻炼水平分别为(365.59±101.41)(412.17±97.34)(389.52±98.85)(403.91±102.27)分,心理应激水平为(113.28±55.17)(131.52±59.23)(117.84±58.48)(104.33±52.80)分,健康状况水平为(5.42±2.49)(4.41±2.16)(4.08±1.94)(3.98±2.25)分。线性回归分析显示学生健康状况与心理应激之间存在正相关(r=0.27,P<0.05),与体育锻炼水平之间无相关性(r=0.05,P>0.05),且心理应激与体育锻炼水平之间也无相关性(r=-0.04,P>0.05)。多层线性模型进行分析显示,体育锻炼和心理应激水平的交互作用有统计学意义(β=0.04,P<0.05),且均对学生健康状况水平存在显著的预测作用(β值分别为1.52,0.26,P值均<0.05)。结论大学生体育锻炼与心理应激、身心健康有关,可通过强化体育锻炼,减缓大学生心理应激,改善身体健康状况,促进大学生身心健康发展。
Objective To explore the impact of physical exercise on psychological health of college students and to provide guidance for improving the physical and mental health of college students. Methods A total of 412 college students from three universities in Sichuan University, University of Electronic Science and Technology and Aba Teachers College were randomly selected to study the level of physical activity through the physical activity scale (APARQ) and metabolic equivalent (MET) Scales of psychosomatic stress were quantified using the Scale for Scrutiny (CCSPSS) and the student’s health status was assessed using the Disease Severity Rating Scale (SIRS). The collected data were analyzed using a multi-layer linear model to observe the intrinsic correlation. Results The levels of physical activity in the four measurements were (365.59 ± 101.41) (412.17 ± 97.34) (389.52 ± 98.85) (403.91 ± 102.27) points and the levels of psychological stress were (113.28 ± 55.17) (117.84 ± 58.48) (104.33 ± 52.80), and the level of health was (5.42 ± 2.49) (4.41 ± 2.16) (4.08 ± 1.94) (3.98 ± 2.25) points. Linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between student’s health status and psychological stress (r = 0.27, P <0.05), and no correlation with physical activity (r = 0.05, P> 0.05) There was also no correlation between physical activity levels (r = -0.04, P> 0.05). Multi-layer linear model analysis showed that the interaction between physical exercise and psychological stress level was statistically significant (β = 0.04, P <0.05), and both had significant predictive value on students’ health status (β values were 1.52 , 0.26, P <0.05). Conclusion College students physical exercise and psychological stress, physical and mental health related, by strengthening physical activity, reduce mental stress of college students, improve physical health and promote the healthy development of college students.