一、前言 1928年印度物理学家C.V.拉曼(Raman)发现了拉曼效应。拉曼光谱学是以拉曼效应为基础发展起来的。拉曼光谱发展的前十年,在结构化学、分子光谱学的研究中发挥了重要作用。在这十年中间共发表了二千多篇文章,报导了四千余种化合物的拉曼光谱图。由于技术上的原因,拉曼光谱在实验技术和应用上都有相当的局限性。例如,样品用量大(通常要几十毫升)、曝光时间长(有时需数小时到几十小时)、并且仅限于做无色液体样品、受荧光干扰大等。然而,在六十年代初期,激光被用作拉曼光谱的激发光源之后,由于激光的优越性(能量大而集中,单色性好,偏振性能强),克 I. Introduction In 1928 Indian physicist C.V. Raman discovered the Raman effect. Raman spectroscopy is based on the Raman effect developed. The first decade of Raman spectroscopy has played an important role in the study of structural chemistry and molecular spectroscopy. In the middle of the decade, more than 2,000 articles were published, reporting the Raman spectra of more than 4,000 compounds. For technical reasons, Raman spectroscopy in the experimental techniques and applications have considerable limitations. For example, a large amount of sample (usually tens of milliliters), a long exposure time (sometimes several hours to dozens of hours), and is limited to do a colorless liquid sample, by fluorescence interference and so on. However, in the early 1960s, after the laser was used as an excitation light source for Raman spectroscopy, due to the superiority of the laser (high energy and concentration, good monochromaticity, strong polarization), g