研究了桤木自然分布区内的5个种源的球果长度、宽度、长宽比、果柄长和每粒质量等共7个表型性状的变异规律和模式。结果表明:球果宽、果长/果宽、果长×果宽种源间和种源内家系间均存在极显著差异;果柄长、果长、果柄长/果长种源间差异不显著,种源内家系间差异显著;每粒质量种源间差异极显著。果柄长、果长、果宽、果长/果宽、果柄长/果长、果长×果宽和种子每粒质量的种源遗传力分别为0.3278、0.3404、0.9411、0.8981、0.2637、0.8984和0.8071。种源间和种源内变异幅度较大的是果长×果宽和果柄长/果长,变异幅度最小的均是果柄长。除每粒质量外,金堂种源果实其它6个性状的变异幅度均较高,其次是珙县和泸定种源。果宽与种子每粒质量等性状遗传力最高,果柄长/果长、果长×果宽等性状变异幅度大。 The variation regularities and patterns of seven phenotypic traits including coniferous length, width, aspect ratio, length of stalk and per mass of five coniferous provenances were studied. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in the width of cones, the length of fruit / fruit, the length of fruit × the width of fruit and the families of provenances. Significantly, there was significant difference among the pedigrees within provenances; the difference among the provenances was extremely significant. Fruit-head length, fruit length, fruit width, fruit length / fruit width, fruit stalk length / fruit length, fruit length × fruit width and seed germplasm per plant were 0.3278,0.3404,0.9411,0.8981,0.2637, 0.8984 and 0.8071. The variation range of seed germplasm and provenance was the length of fruit × the width of fruit and the length of fruit stalk / fruit, the least variation was the length of fruit stalk. Except for the quality of each grain, the other six traits of Jintang provenances were higher than other provenances, followed by provenance of Lixian and Luding. Fruit width and seed per grain quality traits such as the highest heritability, stalk length / fruit length, fruit length × fruit width and other traits of large variation.