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《<论语>六则》“思考和练习”在谈到“而”字的顺接和转接用法时,曾这样写道:“转接,指用‘而’字连接的两个部分,意思有转折,如‘学而不思’。这里的‘而’字同白话里的‘可是、但是’相当。”我以为似可商榷。在“学而不思则罔;思而不学则殆”一句中,两个“而”字虽都表示转接,但在句中的作用却并不表示转折关系,而是表示假设关系,这是一种特殊用法。“学而不思”和“思而不学”,分別表示两种假设条件,“罔”、“殆”则是在这两种假设条件下出现的情况或结果。
“The Analects of Confucius Six” “Thinking and Practice” When it comes to the use of the word “and”, we wrote: “Transfer refers to the two parts connected by 'and' There is a turning point, such as' learning and not thinking 'where the word' and 'in the vernacular' but, but 'quite.' I think it may be open to question. In the sentence of ”learning but not thinking, thinking is not learning is perilous“, the two ”and“ words both indicate the transfer, but the role in the sentence does not mean the turning relation, but rather the hypothesis relation. This is a special usage. ”Learning without thinking“ and ”thinking without learning“ respectively express two kinds of assumptions, ”indiscriminate“ and ”perilous" are the situations or outcomes that occur under these two assumptions.