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目的探讨民众对突发公共卫生事件和SARS的认知状况。方法在黑龙江省哈尔滨市区及加格达奇地区城、乡进行整群抽样调查、发放调查问卷共2079份,以居住地的不同分为城市、城镇、农村三组,对问卷结果进行统计分析。结果通过对有效问卷2003份的分析,民众对突发公共卫生事件及SARS知识知晓情况良好,各项三地总认知率均超过60％。城市、城镇、农村三地民众在疫情发生时的心态普遍较为平和(71．7％),城市组对政府和媒体的好感度最高,71．8％将SARS的控制归功于政府的有效措施,65．0％的民众对政府处理危机的信心增加;而农村组对于医院和相关专业人员最为信赖。结论政府通过媒体和医疗等专业机构与民众及时、畅通的互动和沟通在突发公共卫生事件的应对中尤为重要,同时要加强经常性的突发事件宣传教育,增强民众的危机意识和公民责任感。
Objective To investigate public awareness of public health emergencies and SARS. Methods A total of 2079 questionnaires were distributed in the urban and rural areas of Harbin and Jiagedaqi areas in Heilongjiang Province. A total of 2079 questionnaires were distributed to the cities, towns and villages in terms of different places of residence, and the results of the questionnaire were statistically analyzed . Results Through the analysis of 2003 valid questionnaires, public awareness of public health emergencies and SARS knowledge was good, and the total recognition rates of all the three places exceeded 60%. People in cities, towns and rural areas generally had a more moderate attitude (71.7%) when the epidemic occurred. The urban groups were most enthusiastic about the government and the media, and 71.8% attributed the control of SARS to effective government measures. 65.0% of the public confidence in the government to deal with the crisis increased; and rural groups for the most trusted hospitals and professionals. Conclusion The government’s timely and smooth interaction and communication with professional bodies like the media and medical institutions are particularly important in coping with emergent public health emergencies. At the same time, the government should step up publicity and education on regular emergencies to enhance people’s sense of crisis and civic responsibility .