The effect of processing parameters such as hot rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for a new 0.27mass% C and Ni,Mo-free low alloy martensitic abrasion resistant steel.The three-body impact abrasive wear behavior was also analyzed.The results showed that two-step controlled rolling besides quenching at 880℃and tempering at 170℃could result in optimal mechanical property:the Brinell hardness,tensile strength,elongation and-40 ℃impact toughness were 531,1 530 MPa,11.8% and 58J,respectively.The microstructure was of fine lath martensite with little retained austenite.Three-body impact abrasive wear results showed that wear mechanism was mainly of plastic deformation fatigue when the impact energy was 2J, and the relative wear resistance was 1.04times higher than that of the same grade compared steel under the same working condition.The optimal hardness and toughness match was the main reason of higher wear resistance. The effect of processing parameters such as hot rolling and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for a new 0.27mass% C and Ni, Mo-free low alloy martensitic abrasion resistant steel.The three-body impact abrasive wear behavior was already analyzed The results showed that two-step controlled rolling of both quenching at 880 ° C and tempering at 170 ° C could result in an optimal mechanical property: the Brinell hardness, tensile strength, elongation and-40 ° C impact toughness were 531,1 530 MPa, 11.8% and 58J, respectively. The microstructure was of fine lath martensite with little retained austenite. Thhree-body impact abrasive wear results showed that wear mechanism was mainly plastic deformation fatigue when the impact energy was 2J, and the relative wear resistance was 1.04 times higher than that of the same grade compared steel under the same working condition. the optimal hardness and toughness match was the main reason of higher wear resistance.