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早产是引起围生儿死亡和新生儿疾病发病的主导因素，超过75％的围生儿死亡与早产相关。早产是一种复杂性疾病，受遗传、环境等多方面的影响，其病因不清楚，可能与不良行为、社会人口资料、妊娠的相关因素、心理压力以及感染有关。早产的预测手段不多，主要包括经阴道超声测量宫颈长度、测量胎儿纤维连接蛋白、宫颈 Bishop 评分以及测量胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1。只有了解早产的危险因素并掌握预测方法才能有效降低发生率。“,”Preterm birth is the major factor of perineonate death and neonatal diseases ,that 75% prena-tal death is correlated to preterm birth .Preterm birth is a complex disease impacted by environment, gene and other risk factors .Its etiology is unclear,and it might relate to bad behaviour,social demographics,pregnant factors,mental stress and infection.The forecast methods of preterm birth are few,mainly including detection of the cervical length by transvaginal ultrasound,fetal fibronectin concentration,cervical Bishop scores and insulin-growth factor binding protein-1.Only by mastering more forecast methods of preterm birth,can the death rate of prematures be reduced.