对艺术本质的认识,人们不仅从哲学、文学、美学的角度进行分析,而且还从三者综合的角度对其研究,特别是对于那些身兼哲学家、诗人、美学家诸种身份于一身的学者,这种研究尤为必要。马尔库塞就是这样一位具有诸种才能并影响了本世纪的思想家。作为一位西方马克思主义者、法兰克福学派的主要代表人物,他对哲学、美学等方面均有独到的见解。其对艺术本质的理解即是一例。 赫伯特·马尔库塞的一生,经历了二十世纪急剧变革的世界形势,目睹了两次世界大战、战后东西方的冷战、美国及欧洲资本主义的暂时繁荣和表面的政治民主。作为发达的工业社会的见证人,他致力于把近现代哲学思潮与马克思的学说相结合,早期试图把马克思主义与存在主义结合在一起,提出了一种海德格尔——马克思主义学说,后来又试图把黑格尔主义与马克思主义结合,将黑格尔哲学中的对现实的批判态度融进马克思的思想中去,再后来又试图用弗洛伊德的理论来补充马克思的思想,提 The understanding of the nature of art is not only analyzed from the perspectives of philosophy, literature and aesthetics, but also from the perspective of comprehensiveness of the three, especially for those who are both philosophers, poets and estheticians Scholars, this kind of research is especially necessary. Marcuse is such a thinker who has all kinds of talents and influenced this century. As a western Marxist and the main representative of the Frankfurt School, he has unique views on philosophy and aesthetics. Its understanding of the nature of art is an example. During Herbert Marcuse’s life, she experienced the world situation of drastic changes in the twentieth century and witnessed the two world wars, the post-war Cold War between the East and the West, the temporary prosperity of U.S. and European capitalism and the apparent political democracy. As a witness to a developed industrial society, he devoted himself to combining the ideological trend of modern philosophy with Marx’s theory. Early attempts to combine Marxism with existentialism led to a Heidegger-Marxist doctrine, At the same time, it attempts to combine Hegelianism with Marxism, integrate the critical attitude towards reality in Hegel’s philosophy into Marx’s thought, and then try to supplement Marxism with Freud’s theory