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目的了解我国急性中毒发病状况、常见中毒毒物类别、主要中毒原因等现状。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方式对6省86家医疗机构急诊科2005年度所有中毒病例进行回顾性调查。结果 86家医疗机构共报告中毒病例25 760例,病死率为0.90%;中毒病例发病季节高峰在1、2月份;中毒病例主要集中在20~50岁人群;急性中毒的毒物以常见化学物居首位,其中主要为乙醇、CO中毒,其次是药物、农药;滥用、意外事故是最常见的急性中毒原因。结论我国急性中毒危害严重,建立以医院急诊科为基础的中毒个案监测系统以及加强全国中毒控制工作有其紧迫性、必要性。
Objective To understand the status of acute poisoning in China, the common types of poisoning poisoning, the main causes of poisoning and so on. Methods A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to investigate retrospectively all cases of poisoning in 86 emergency department of the six medical institutions in six provinces in 2005. Results A total of 25 760 cases of poisoning were reported in 86 medical institutions with a case fatality rate of 0.90%. The peak season of poisoning cases was in January and February. The poisoning cases mainly concentrated in people aged 20 to 50 years. Acute poisoning toxicants The first one, mainly ethanol, CO poisoning, followed by drugs, pesticides; abuse, accidents are the most common cause of acute poisoning. Conclusion The acute poisoning in our country is seriously harmful. It is urgent and necessary to establish a monitoring system of poisoning cases based on the emergency department of the hospital and to strengthen the national poisoning control work.