一、热力学第二定律建立的历史过程19世纪初 ,巴本、纽可门等发明的蒸汽机经过许多人特别是瓦特的重大改进 ,已广泛应用于工厂、矿山、交通运输 ,但当时人们对蒸汽机的理论研究还是非常缺乏的 .热力学第二定律就是在研究如何提高热机效率问题的推动下 ,逐步被发现的 ,并用于解? First, the historical process of establishing the second law of thermodynamics In the early 19th century, the steam engines invented by Baben, Newcomen, etc., after major improvements by many people, especially Watts, have been widely used in factories, mines and transportation, but at the time people were talking about steam engines. The theoretical study is still very scarce. The second law of thermodynamics is gradually being discovered and used to solve the problem of how to improve the efficiency of heat engines.