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孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（ISMAD）的危害是肠系膜上动脉缺血和夹层动脉瘤破裂。关于ISMAD的治疗，主要有保守（抗栓联合控制血压）、外科手术和支架植入，但治疗指征和治疗时机众说纷纭，腔内支架的选择也各不一样。西方学者认为ISMAD是罕见病，无法建立治疗指南。而我国ISMAD报道的例数提示ISMAD并非罕见。我国血管外科有实施ISMAD临床研究的机会，能为制定ISMAD的治疗指南提供更强的证据。“,”The catastrophe of isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD) includes intestinal ischemia and rupture of dissection aneurysm. Conservative therapy (anticoagulation plus blood pressure control), surgery and stenting are the common treatments for ISMAD. However, there are diverse views on the indications for and timing of its treatment, as well as the selection of stent types. Western scholars consider that guideline for treatment of ISMAD cannot be derived because it is extremely rare. However, the reported number of cases of ISMAD in China indicates that ISMAD is not actually rare. So, there are opportunities to conduct clinical studieson ISMAD in the area of vascular surgery in China, and thereby may provide substantial clinical evidence for the establishment of guideline for ISMAD treatment.