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用一系列自交和回交材料,探讨了大豆种间杂种群体改良的部分遗传理论。结果指出,与野生大豆利用关系密切的性状均于回交二次产生明显的趋栽培性变化,初步确定BC_1F_2系保留种间杂种优良基因型的关键世代,继续回交将引起高蛋白基因型频率过量下降,不利于高蛋白后代的选择。试验还表明,连续回交使“重组纺锤体”逐渐放宽,为削弱野生有利性状与有害性状之间的连锁与互作创造了良好条件,种间杂种回交群体较适宜的结构为:n=8,m=10～15(n=F_1代家系数;m=每一家系的F_2代株数)。倘若不考虑质量性状的作用,自交群体(BC_0F_2)保持90—100株基本可以容括全部遗传变异。此外,在种间杂种自交(BC_0)与回交(BC_1,BC_2)群体中,某些性状间存在“动态相关”,建议不同自交或回交世代的相关结果不替代使用。
Using a series of selfing and backcrossing materials, the partial genetic theory of soybean interspecific hybrid population improvement was discussed. The results showed that the traits closely related to the utilization of wild soybean were all significantly increased by backcrossing, which indicated that the key generation of BC_1F_2 was the key genotype of interspecific hybrids. Continued backcross would cause high protein genotype frequency Excessive decline is not conducive to the choice of high-protein offspring. The experiment also showed that successive backcrossing gradually relaxed the “recombinant spindle” and created favorable conditions for weakening the linkage and interaction between the wild beneficial trait and the harmful trait. The suitable structure of the interspecific hybrid backcross population was: n = 8, m = 10 ~ 15 (n = F_1 generation coefficient; m = F_2 generation number of each line). Without considering the role of quality traits, selfing populations (BC_0F_2) to maintain 90-100 can basically cover all genetic variation. In addition, there are “dynamic correlations” among some traits in BC_0 and BC_2 populations, suggesting that the results from different inbreds or backcross generations are not substituted.