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推定是根据经验规则和事实之间的盖然性常态联系考虑而确立的一种假定,是根据已知事实得出推定事实的法律机制与规则。在诉讼中合理运用推定,可以减少一些不必要的证明,使某些不必要通过证据加以证明的要素直接得到确认,同样可以起到降低诉讼成本,提高诉讼效率的作用。因此,在我国刑事法律规范中,适当创制推定规范是必要的。但是,由于推定将导致证明责任倒置,与无罪推定原则相左,必须严格限制。为了确保刑事推定的正确运用,在创制我国刑事推定规范时,应当对推定的适用条件、方式等诸方面予以严格限制。
Presumption is a presumption based on the normal connection between the rule of chance and the fact, and is the legal mechanism and rule for inferring the fact from the known facts. Proper use of presumptions in litigation can reduce some unnecessary proofs and directly confirm some elements that are not necessary to be proved by evidence. It can also play a role in reducing litigation costs and improving litigation efficiency. Therefore, in China’s criminal law norms, the proper creation of presumption of norms is necessary. However, since the presumption will lead to a reversal of the burden of proof, it must be strictly limited to the presumption of innocence. In order to ensure the correct application of criminal presumption, in the creation of China’s criminal presumption of norms, it should be strictly applied to the presumption of the conditions, methods and other aspects.