“敕”始见于《尚书·皋陶谟》“敕天之命”,本有告诫之意。在汉代,上级官员训示下级官员常用“敕书”。南北朝以后,敕成为君主专用的下行文,而臣子则不能用。到了清代,敕书成了皇帝任命地方重要官员,规定其职权范围、任职要求的凭证性公文。按照现代文书学的理论,“敕书”就是 “敕” began to appear in “Book Gao Gao Tao mo,” “Heaven’s Order,” this warned. In the Han Dynasty, higher officials instructed lower officials to commonly used “books.” After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, 敕 became the monarch’s only descent, while the courtiers could not use it. In the Qing dynasty, the book became the important official document that the emperor appointed local officials to stipulate the terms of reference and credentials of his mandate. According to the theory of modern clerical studies, “book” is