矿山开采及复垦等高扰动区域对流域地表、地下水文水质有一定的影响。美国学者J．V．Bonta等对俄亥俄州的3个小流域进行了9 a的监测。遭受采煤等剧烈土地扰动破坏的流域,其地表、地下水文、水化学过程要经过许多年才会达到新的动态平衡,需要较长的监测期和水文学上的稳定性,才能确定采煤和复垦对流域水文水质的影响。开展关于高扰动区域对流域水文水质影响的研究具有长期性和高风险性。观测流域必须具有水文学上的稳定性,并需要一定程度的采矿知识来确保各个阶段观测设备的安全设置和保存。为了达到研究的目的,有些设备必须安置到离开采活动尽可能近的地方,但要离可能发生滑坡的地段尽量远些,并且要保证在开采和复垦过程中设备能保存下来。经高扰动的流域,在遭受极端降雨时,会产生含有大量推移质的过饱和流,用Drop-box测流堰可获得较有效的径流和水化学数据资料。 High disturbed areas such as mining and reclamation have a certain impact on the surface and groundwater quality of the watershed. American scholar J. V. Bonta et al. Conducted 9-year monitoring of three small watersheds in Ohio. After being subjected to violent disturbance such as coal mining, the surface water, groundwater hydrology and hydration process will take many years to reach a new dynamic balance, which requires long monitoring period and hydrological stability to determine the coal mining And the impact of reclamation on hydrology and water quality in the basin. Research on the impact of high disturbance areas on the hydrological and hydrological quality in a river basin has long-term and high-risk effects. The observation basin must be hydrologically stable and require some level of mining knowledge to ensure the safety settings and preservation of observation equipment at all stages. For research purposes, some equipment must be located as close as possible to the mining activity, but as far as possible from landslide-prone areas and to ensure that equipment can be preserved during the mining and reclamation process. In highly disturbed watersheds, when subjected to extreme rainfall, supersaturated flow with a large amount of bedrock occurs, and more effective runoff and water chemistry data can be obtained with Drop-box weir.