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目的：了解新生儿入院时的定植菌的阳性结果，找出相关因素，针对其相关因素进行干预，降低定植菌的发生率。方法选取2014年8月~2015年7月在某院新生儿室住院的736例新生儿，在入院时取鼻前庭拭子和直肠拭子分别接种于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)鉴定培养基(ChromID MRSA)和产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLSs)肠杆菌鉴定培养基(ChromID ESBLs)培养筛查，统计筛查结果并分析相关影响因素。结果736例新生儿中MRSA的阳性结果与羊水情况、取样日龄有关，其值分别为0.044和0.000,<0.05，统计学结果具有显著性差异。 ESBLs的阳性结果与分娩方式、取样日龄有关，其值分别为0.031和0.000<0.05，统计学结果具有显著性差异。结论提倡顺产、做好新生儿在产科出院后家庭的环境卫生、手卫生，新生儿大小便规范化处理，对羊水粪染的新生儿彻底清理好呼吸道，有利于减少细菌的定植。“,”Objective To have an understanding of the relevant factors of positive colonized bacteria for newborns at admission to figure our correspondentintervention based on its related factors, thus reduce the incidence of colonized bacteria.Methods 736 newborns hospitalized in the infant rooms of a hospital between August 2014 and July 2015 were selected. The nasal vestibular swab and rectal swab of these newborns were inoculated respectively in the identification medium of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ChromID MRSA) and identification medium of extended spectrumβlactamases (ChromID ESBLs) tobe cultured and screened. The screening results were statistically analyzed as well as the related factors.Results The MRSA positive results of the 736 newborns were associated with amniotic fluid and the days of sampling, and the P values were respectively 0.044 and 0.000, both less than 0.05,where the statistical results were significantly different.The ESBLs positive results were related to the delivery methods and the days of sampling, and the P values were respectively 0.031 and 0.000,both less than 0.05, where the statistical results were significantly different.Conclusion To reduce the colonization of bacteria in newborns, natural laboring should be encouraged, and the environmental and hand health in the family after discharge should be kept, and the urine and excrement of the newborns should be properly dealt with, and for those undergone meconium-staining amniotic fluid, their respiratory tract should be cleaned thoroughly.