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国家权力框架从根本上决定了一国的法律制度,美国联邦制结构和三权分立的权力架构奠定了美国法的基础,是决定美国法特征的根本性要因。本文从联邦制、三权分立以及判例法传统三个方面论述了美国法的根基和基本特征,对支撑美国法背后的传统、价值作了深入阐释,认为权力分立、司法独立、法院组织、遵循先例以及对抗制是美国法运行的基本要素。
The state power framework fundamentally determines the legal system of a country. The power structure of the U.S. federalism and the separation of powers laid the foundation for the American law and the fundamental factor that determines the characteristics of American law. This article elaborates the basic and basic characteristics of the American law from three aspects: federalism, the separation of powers and the tradition of case law. It elaborates on the tradition and value behind the support of the American law. It considers the separation of powers, the independence of the judiciary, the organization of courts, The precedent as well as the adversarial system are the basic elements of the operation of the United States law.