一、引 言 股份有限公司制度的发明,被西方人称为同瓦特发明蒸气机一样具有划时代意义。实践中,也确实为西方人带来了巨大的生产力。五十年代初,我国经济生活中也曾存在过包括股份有限公司在内的多种商事公司形态。它为国民经济恢复和第一个五年计划顺利开始作出了重要贡献。但随着生产资料的社会主义改造的完成,尤其是伴随着高度集中的计划经济体制的建立,企业形态从多元化走向单一化,商事公司被挤出了我国经济生活。 I. INTRODUCTION The invention of a joint-stock company system has been of epoch-making significance by Westerners, just as watson invented the steam engine. In practice, it has indeed brought huge productivity to Westerners. In the early 1950s, there were also various forms of commercial companies, including joint-stock companies, in their economic life. It has made an important contribution to the restoration of the national economy and the smooth start of the first five-year plan. However, with the completion of the socialist transformation of means of production, especially with the establishment of a highly centralized planned economy, the form of enterprises has moved from pluralism to simplification and commercial firms have been squeezed out of our economic life.