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热量是作物生长发育必需的、重要的环境条件之一,它影响并决定着作物有机体的主要生活机能。作物生长发育所需要的热量指标可以有不同的表现形式,但各发育期和整个生长期内所需要的热量总和(积温)是一个基本而重要的指标。积温通常分两种:有效积温与活动积温,前者多用于农作物发育期的预报,后者则主要用于农业气候的研究,特别是用于农业气候资源和农业气候区划的研究。本文所讨论的是活动积温,即作物某一发育期或整个生长期中高于一定界限的日平均温度的总和。
Heat is one of the necessary and important environmental conditions for crop growth and development. It affects and determines the main living functions of crop organisms. The caloric indicators needed for crop growth and development may have different manifestations, but the sum of calories (accumulated temperature) needed during each developmental period and throughout the growing season is a basic and important indicator. Generally, the accumulated temperature is divided into two types: effective accumulated temperature and active accumulated temperature. The former is mainly used for forecasting the crop development stage, while the latter is mainly used for agricultural climate research, especially for agricultural climate resources and agricultural climate zoning research. This article discusses the activity accumulated temperature, which is the sum of the average daily temperatures above a certain threshold in a crop’s entire developmental period.