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对外干预问题上,19世纪中后期英国国内形成了持完全敌对政策主张的两大派别:国家利益派以及曼彻斯特自由派。格莱斯顿在这两大派别之外,实行了有节制的干预主义政策。这就是在总体倾向于曼彻斯特自由派提倡以和平方式参与国际事务,解决国际争端的同时,又肯定了国家利益派主张的武力干预的必要性。但对外武力干预必须在特定的情势下进行:干预的动因必须基于道德因素,不过也有重要例外,即在少数情境中,干预的动因基于与国家利益派相同的地缘政治考虑;对外干预的主体则应当是欧洲协调这一多边组织。
On the issue of external intervention, the two major factions advocating a complete hostile policy were formed in Britain in the mid-19th century: the state interests and the Manchester liberals. Gladstone, outside these two major factions, imposed a modest interventionist policy. This is the necessity of the intervention of the national interests advocated by armed forces while affirming the general tendency of the Manchester liberals to advocate peaceful participation in international affairs and settlement of international disputes. However, external force intervention must be carried out in specific situations: the motivation for the intervention must be based on moral factors, but there are also important exceptions. In a few situations, the motivation for intervention is based on the same geopolitical considerations as the national interests; the main body of external interventions It is Europe that coordinates this multilateral organization.