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清代后妃埋葬位次主要涉及以宝顶位次为代表的墓葬位次,合、祔葬制影响下的棺椁位置等,体现了墓主的等级与身份,是考察清代皇陵兆域格局构成理念与形成过程的主要切入点。在梳理清代东陵、西陵二处陵区内后、妃埋葬位次的基本状态后,将位次发展分为顺治至康熙、雍正至嘉庆、道光至宣统三个时期。同时注意到,发展期拐点主要出现在雍正、道光两朝,与棺椁位置的变化情况基本相同。埋葬位次变化在一定程度上暗示了统治者丧葬理念的转变,即在吸纳儒家伦理纲常、尊卑有序的观念的同时,兼顾了以血缘关系为核心的“聚族而葬”的埋葬特性。进一步证实,清政权在统治秩序逐渐成熟、完善的过程中,实现了本民族以血缘亲疏为核心的等级观念,对儒家思想的吸纳及融合。最终,在位次分析的基础上提出清代“内、外双层茔区”兆域格局的概念。
The order of burial of concubine in the Qing Dynasty mainly involved the position of the coffin under the influence of the number of burials represented by the top of the treasure and the burial system of the burial place, which reflected the rank and identity of the burial masters, Constitute the concept and formation of the main entry point. After sorting out the basic status of burial places in the tombs of the Eastern Tang Tombs and the Xiling Tombs of the Qing Dynasty, the development of the places was divided into three periods: Shunzhi to Kangxi, Yongzheng to Jiaqing, Daoguang to Xuanchang. At the same time, we noticed that the inflection points in development mainly appeared in Yongzheng and Daoguang Dynasties, and their changes with the coffin were basically the same. To some extent, the change of burial level implies the change of the ruler’s concept of funeral, that is, taking into account the Confucian ethics and the order of the superiority and orderliness, taking into consideration the “polygamy and funeral” with the kinship as the core Burial characteristics. It further confirms that in the course of gradual maturity and perfection of the ruling order, the Qing government realized the concept of hierarchy, centered on blood and relatives, and absorbed and fused Confucianism. Finally, on the basis of the position analysis, this paper puts forward the concept of the “mega-area” and “mega-area pattern” in the Qing Dynasty.