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采用化学热力学状态函数法,根据真实气体范德华状态方程式和气体恒压热关系式,导出了氧弹内真实气体的恒容热关系式。然后进一步导出了恒容条件下氧弹内试样完全燃烧物系的热平衡方程式,据此计算出氧弹内极限温度和极限压力。文中以锌粉为原料,以乙炔黑作助燃剂,用氧弹燃烧法合成了ZnO微球。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM),对材料的结构和形貌进行表征,结果表明,获得的材料为六方晶系的纳米ZnO晶粒,直径为(200～1 500)nm。
Based on the van der Waals equation of state and the constant heat of gas, the thermodynamic capacity of the real gas inside the oxygen bomb was deduced by the chemical thermodynamic state function method. Then the thermal equilibrium equation of the complete combustion system in the oxygen bomb under constant capacitance is derived, and the ultimate temperature and the ultimate pressure in the bomb are calculated. In this paper, zinc powder as raw material, acetylene black as combustion improver, oxygen bomb combustion synthesis of ZnO microspheres. The structure and morphology of the material were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the obtained material is hexagonal ZnO nano-particles with a diameter of (200-1 500) nm .