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一、引言生命周期评价LCA(Life-Cycle Assessment),这一概念最早由美国可口可乐公司的哈利提出,是可以用来评价产品、过程或活动对环境影响的工具。70年代,LCA主要应用于对产品包装的分析、评价,到了80年代后期,这一方法被广泛应用于有效测量给定产品或过程的环境负担。经过不断发展,LCA逐渐成为对产品或生产过程进行分析的一种合理化方法,特别是在欧洲对LCA的研究比较深入,应用也较为广泛。LCA的研究焦点主要集中在工业产品的环境特性和资源利用率上。
I. Introduction Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), first introduced by Harry Clarke of the U.S. Coca-Cola Company, is a tool that can be used to evaluate the environmental impact of a product, process or activity. In the 1970s, LCA was mainly used for the analysis and evaluation of product packaging. By the late 1980s, this method was widely used to effectively measure the environmental burden of a given product or process. After continuous development, LCA has gradually become a rationalized method for analyzing products or production processes. In particular, the research on LCA in Europe is more in-depth and applied widely. LCA research focuses mainly on the environmental characteristics of industrial products and resource utilization.