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目的:分析我国城市人口中浆细胞白血病（PCL）的流行病学特征，并测算2016年PCL患病率。方法:利用我国23个省2016年1月1日至2016年12月31日的城镇基本医疗保险数据进行测算。利用医疗保险数据中的疾病诊断名称和疾病诊断编码识别PCL患者。按性别、地区和年龄进行亚组分析，并通过敏感性分析考察结果的稳健性。基于我国2010年全国人口普查数据计算按年龄调整的标准化患病率。结果:2016年我国城市人口中PCL患病率为0.11/10万（95% n CI 0.05~0.19），其中男性和女性患病率分别为0.12/10万（95% n CI 0.06~0.21），0.10/10万（95% n CI 0.04~0.19）。PCL的患病率在70~79岁时达高峰。敏感性分析显示本研究结果具有稳健性。根据我国2010年全国人口普查数据所得的标化患病率为0.12/10万（95% n CI 0.11~0.13）。n 结论:本研究首次利用全国城镇医疗保险数据测算我国PCL的患病率，为PCL相关研究和政策制定提供依据。“,”Objective:To analyze the epidemiological features of patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and calculate the prevalence of PCL in urban China in 2016.Methods:Calculation in this study was based on China's urban basic medical insurance from 23 provinces between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. The identification of the patients with PCL was based on the disease names and codes in the claim data. Subgroup analyses were carried out by sex, region, and age. To test the robustness of the results, we performed sensitivity analyses. Age-adjusted prevalence was calculated, based on the 2010 Chinese census data.Results:The prevalence of PCL in urban China in 2016 was 0.11 per 100 000 population (95% n CI 0.05-0.19) , and the male prevalence and female prevalence were 0.12 per 100 000 population (95% n CI 0.06-0.21) and 0.10 per 100 000 population (95% n CI 0.04-0.19) , respectively. The prevalence of PCL peaked at 70-79 years old. Sensitivity analyses proved the robustness of the primary result. The age-adjusted prevalence based on 2010 Chinese census data was 0.12 per 100 000 population (95% n CI 0.11-0.13) .n Conclusion:This study firstly analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of PCL in China, which can provide evidence for the research and policies regarding PCL.