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目的:了解威海市0~14岁儿童哮喘的流行现状、分布特征及影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样调查的方法,在威海市环翠区选取11 756例0~14岁儿童进行调查研究。结果:威海市0~14岁儿童哮喘累计患病率为3.6%,其中男、女性别之比为1.25∶1,发病季节以秋冬季和换季时为主,发病的主要诱因是呼吸道感染,个人过敏体质及家族过敏史与哮喘发作有密切关系,早期滥用抗生素及误诊、漏诊率仍较高,性别、呼吸道感染、过敏及遗传因素与哮喘发作有关。结论:威海市0~14岁儿童哮喘的患病率较10年前显著升高,预防诱发因素,按照GINA方案要求做到早期诊断、规范管理,有效地控制儿童哮喘。
Objective: To understand the prevalence, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of asthma in children aged 0-14 in Weihai. Methods: By cluster sampling method, 11 756 children aged 0-14 years were enrolled in Huancui District of Weihai City for investigation. Results: The cumulative prevalence of asthma in children aged 0-14 years in Weihai was 3.6%. The ratio of male and female was 1.25:1. The season of onset was dominated by autumn, winter and seasonal change. The main causes of asthma were respiratory tract infection, Allergies and family history of allergy and asthma attacks are closely related to the early abuse of antibiotics and misdiagnosis, the rate of misdiagnosis is still high, gender, respiratory infections, allergies and genetic factors and asthma attacks. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma in children aged 0 ~ 14 years in Weihai City was significantly higher than that of 10 years ago. The predisposing factors were prevented and early diagnosis was made according to the GINA protocol. Standardized management was implemented to effectively control childhood asthma.