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本文认为划分汉语方言不应该有统一的标准,并以一向被视为划分汉语方言最有效的标准——古全浊声母今读类型为例加以说明。由于各方言在历史上的分化节点在年代上和创新内容上都各不相同,故现代方言的划分条件也应各不相同,才能正确反映方言分化的历史真实。任何一个或一组统一的标准都不足以在一个层级上划分所有汉语方言。本文暂拟一个汉语方言分化示意图,以期说明方言分化条件的复杂性。
This paper argues that the division of Chinese dialects should not have a uniform standard and illustrates the present type of ancient voiced consonants as the most effective standard for dividing Chinese dialects. Since dialects differ in their age and content of innovation in the historical nodes of their differentiation, the conditions for dividing modern dialects should also be different so as to correctly reflect the historical truth of dialect differentiation. Any one or a set of uniform standards are not enough to classify all Chinese dialects at one level. This paper tentatively proposes a schematic diagram of the differentiation of Chinese dialects in order to illustrate the complexity of dialectal differentiation conditions.