《庄子》这本书描绘了很多生动有趣的人物,本文关注的是散见于全书之中的一个特殊群体,即那些山林中的早期“养生”隐士。早期道家有着复杂的发展线索。我将那些主要由《道德经》的追随者们所践行的修炼方法称为“养生”(参见Robinet 1997,91;张荣明2003;Michael 2015a;2015b)。该方法的一系列修炼无不围绕着被认为可以通达长生的“气”之物质循环而展开。《庄子》则更侧重 The book “Zhuangzi” depicts many vivid and interesting characters. This article focuses on a special group scattered throughout the book, namely, the early Hermitians in the mountains. Early Taoism has a complex clues to development. I refer to those practices practiced primarily by the followers of the Tao Te Ching as “health” (see Robinet 1997, 91; Zhang Rongming 2003; Michael 2015a; 2015b). A series of practices of the method are all based on the material cycle of “Qi” thought to be accessible to the longevity. “Zhuangzi” is more focused