参照欧洲资格框架的“元框架”和转换标准,德国开发了具有本国教育特色的资格框架,以职业教育与普通教育之间的等值为出发点,建立了以学习结果为基础的国家资格框架。同时,德国通过国家资格框架的建设梳理和完善了相互融通与衔接的现代职业教育体系,其资格标准构建涵盖了资格体系、等级标准和资格类型规范三方面内容。 With reference to the “Meta-Frame” and conversion criteria of the European Qualifications Framework, Germany has developed a Qualifications Framework with its own educational characteristics. Based on the equivalence between Vocational Education and General Education, Germany has established national qualifications based on learning outcomes frame. At the same time, Germany has sorted out and improved the modern vocational education system that integrates and connects with each other through the construction of the national qualification framework. The qualification standard construction covers three aspects of the qualification system, the grade standard and the qualification type specification.