目的了解小学生行为问题现况。方法应用Achenbach’s行为量表，对西安市2所小学学龄儿童的行为问题进行群体测查。结果学龄儿行为问题检出率为14．7％，攻击行为、破坏行为、多动行为相对较多；行为问题在整个小学社区中各年龄段检出率基本相同，性别差异有显著性，男孩检出率高于女孩。结论在今后儿保工作及学校卫生工作中应加强精神卫生保健。 Objective To understand the status of primary school students’ behavior problems. Methods The Achenbach’s behavioral questionnaire was used to conduct a population survey of behavioral problems in two primary school-age children in Xi’an. Results The detection rate of behavior problems in school-age children was 14.7%, and the behaviors of aggression, vandalism and hyperactivity were relatively high. The detection rate of behavioral problems in all primary school communities was basically the same, and the gender differences was significant. The boys The detection rate is higher than girls. Conclusion Mental health care should be strengthened in the future child protection work and school health work.