马克思哲学在创立之初,既倡导通过斗争消灭资产阶级,让无产阶级掌握政权,即阶级斗争,也试图通过对资本主义文化进行批判从而建构一种新的文化样式,即文化批判。这两个方面是其创立之初的基本向度,但在以后的发展之中呈现出单向度发展的特征,苏联和东欧侧重于发展阶级斗争理论,西方则发展了文化批判理论。 At the beginning of its creation, Marxist philosophy not only advocated the elimination of the bourgeoisie through struggle, the control of the political power by the proletariat, that is, the class struggle, but also tried to construct a new cultural pattern, that is, cultural criticism, by criticizing the capitalist culture. These two aspects are the basic orientation at the beginning of their establishment, but they show the characteristic of unidirectional development in the later development. The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe focus on the theory of class struggle while the west develops the theory of critical culture.