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目的分析上海市徐汇区诺如病毒感染确诊或疑似聚集性疫情的流行病学特征。方法收集2013—2015年上海市徐汇区报告的疑似或确诊诺如病毒感染引起的呕吐/腹泻聚集性疫情流行病学和病原学检测资料。结果共报告33起聚集性疫情,报告病例数398例,总罹患率为2.29%。聚集性疫情持续时间M=4 d。秋冬季高发,10月至次年3月共发生28起(84.85%)。中学校和幼儿园共27起(81.82%),小学的罹患率最高(35.71%),各场所发生罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.032,P<0.01)。临床症状以呕吐为主,共265例(66.58%),呕吐伴腹泻94例(23.62%),发热123例(30.90%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=352.971,P<0.01)。结论诺如病毒是引起上海市徐汇区学校/托幼机构等集体单位呕吐/腹泻发生的主要病原之一,诺如病毒GⅡ为主要病原体之一。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus infection in Xuhui District of Shanghai. Methods Epidemiological and etiological detection of vomit / diarrhea epidemics caused by suspected or confirmed Norovirus infection in Shanghai Xuhui District from 2013 to 2015 were collected. A total of 33 cases of clustered epidemics were reported, with a reported case number of 398 and a total attack rate of 2.29%. Aggregate epidemic duration M = 4 d. High autumn and winter hair, from October to next March a total of 28 (84.85%). There were 27 primary schools (81.82%) and kindergartens (35.71%) in the primary schools. There was a significant difference in the prevalence rates among all the places (χ2 = 26.032, P <0.01). The main clinical symptoms were vomiting (265 cases, 66.58%), vomiting with diarrhea in 94 cases (23.62%) and fever in 123 cases (30.90%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 352.971, P <0.01). Conclusions Norovirus is one of the major pathogens causing vomiting / diarrhea in schools / nurseries in Xuhui District, Shanghai. Norovirus GⅡ is one of the major pathogens.