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我国是世界上13个贫水国之一,同时也是水资源浪费大国。我国农业用水量占总用水量的73.4%。因此,减少水资源浪费当务之急是提高农业用水效率,其主要技术途径如下: 1 减少无效蒸发 降低无效蒸发是提高农业用水率的主要技术途径,具体是减少土壤蒸发和作物蒸腾。据估算,半干旱区蒸发量占降水量的56%～65%,相当于作物总耗水量的1/4～1/2,所以,减少土壤蒸发成为提高农业用水率的重要途径。为了减少土壤蒸发,目前比较成熟的技术是采用地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖。实践表
As one of the 13 water-poor countries in the world, our country is also a waste of water resources. China’s agricultural water accounts for 73.4% of the total water consumption. Therefore, it is imperative to reduce the waste of water resources to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use. The main technical approaches are as follows: 1 Reducing ineffective evaporation Reducing ineffective evaporation is the main technical approach to increase the agricultural water use rate, in particular to reduce soil evaporation and crop transpiration. It is estimated that the evaporation in the semi-arid area accounts for 56% -65% of the precipitation, which is equivalent to 1/4 to 1/2 of the total crop water consumption. Therefore, reducing soil evaporation is an important way to increase agricultural water consumption. In order to reduce soil evaporation, the current more mature technology is the use of plastic mulching and straw mulching. Practice table