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一、考查情态动词的用法
◆can
a. 表示能力,有“能,会,能够”之意。
b. 表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句。
c. 表示请求或允许,此时可与may互换,在疑问句中还可用could。
【中考链接】
1. ——____ you swim?
——Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer. (09北京)
A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must
2. ——Can you play the piano?
——Yes, I ____. I often practice it on weekends. (09重庆)
A. needn’t B. need C. can’t D. can
3. ——Who’s the man over there? Is it Mr. Black?
——It ____ be him. He’s much taller. (09安徽)
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. should D. may
4. ——Who’s that girl swimming in the pool? Is it Lucy?
——It ____ be Lucy. She is sleeping in her bedroom now. (09济南)
A. may B. can’t C. must D. should
【答案与简析】例1,2考查情态动词can表能力,答案分别为A、D。例3,4考查情态动词can表推测,答案分别为A、B。
◆must
a. must意为“必须,应该”,其否定形式是mustn’t或must not,表示“禁止,不允许”。由must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答通常用needn’t或 don’t have to。
b. must还可表示肯定推测,意为“一定是,准是”,比may表示的肯定语气强。
【拓展】must强调说话人的主观看法,have to则强调客观需要;must一般用于现在时,而have to能用于多种时态(如现在时、过去时、将来时等)。
【中考链接】
5. ——Shall we go skateboarding after school?
——Sorry, my parents said that I ____ be at home early. (09山西)
A. need B. must C. may
6. ——Must I wash my hands before meals, Mum?
——Yes, you ____. (09常德)
A. must B. can C. need
7. ——Mr Wang, must I come again on Sunday morning to clean the windows?
——No, you ____. I have asked others to do it. (09广东)
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
8. ——Must I get up before six o’clock tomorrow morning, Dad?
——No, you ____. Tomorrow is Saturday. You may get up later. (09襄樊)
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. ——Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.
——It ____ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. (09江西)
A. must B. might C. can’t D. shouldn’t
10. ——Would you like to go shopping with me now?
——I’m afraid I can’t. I ____ wash my clothes. (09仙桃)
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
【答案与简析】例5选B,例6选A,考查must表“必须”及其答语,强调说话人的主观看法。例7选A,例8选C,考查must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。例9选A,考查must表肯定推测。例10选D,考查have to表客观上必须。
二、考查过去进行时
a. 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。
b. 过去进行时常与 at this time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when+从句等时间状语连用。
【中考链接】
1. ——Were you at home at 7 o’clock last night?
——Yes, I ____ a shower at that time. (09宁波)
A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking
2. ——Did you go to the flower show in the City Square?
——No. I ____ how to make food then. (09绍兴)
A. learn B. learned C. was learning D. am learning
3. Jimmy ____ TV when his mother got home. (09湖州)
A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. was watching
【答案与简析】例1选B,由时间状语at that time可知谓语应为过去进行时。例2选C,由语境可知空格表示过去正在进行的动作,故应填过去进行时。例3选D,由when引导的时间状语从句可知主句应为过去进行时。
三、考查条件状语从句
a. 条件状语从句引导词的选用。
b. 条件状语从句主从句时态的对应。与时间状语从句一样,在条件状语从句中,若主句中的谓语动词是一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
【中考链接】
1. You’d better look up the new word in a dictionary ____ you don’t know it. (09兰州)
A. if B. that C. though D. whether
2. If it ____ tomorrow, we will stay at home. We won’t go to the museum. (09广东)
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained
3. If I find his phone number, I ____ you. (09北京)
A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told
【答案与解析】例1选A,根据句意可知应用if表示“如果,假如”。例2选B,考查条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。例3选C,由条件状语从句一般现在时可推知主句应用一般将来时。
四、考查宾语从句的语序和时态
a. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句一律用陈述句语序。其标点符号由主句来决定。
b. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句可用所需要的任何时态。
c. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。
d. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句是用什么时态,从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
【中考链接】
1. Can you tell me ____?(09南充)
A. where does he come from B. how much is it
C. what it is used for
2. “Do you know ____ have our summer holiday?” “Next week.” (09贵阳)
A. when will we B. when are we C. when we will
3. How lovely the dog is! Can you tell me ____? (09山西)
A. where did you get it B. where will you get it
C. where you got it
4. I really want to know ____.(09兰州)
A. what is wrong with my brother B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrow
C. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday
5. ——Can you tell me ____?
——She is in the computer lab. (09北京)
A. where Linda was B. where is Linda
C. where was Linda D. where Linda is
6. ——Could you tell me ____? I must find him.
——Sorry. I don’t know. But he was here just now. (09孝感)
A. where Tom was B. where has Tom gone C. where Tom is D. where can I find Tom
7. ——Sorry, what did you say just now?
——I asked ____.(09山东)
A. when did he leave B. where you have been
C. whom will you go with D. how I could get to the station
8. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder ____. (09河北)
A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost
C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost
【答案与简析】由宾语从句用陈述句语序可知以上1-4题答案依次为CCCA。第5题选D。由语序可排除B和C,再根据She is in the computer lab.可知宾语从句用一般现在时。第6题选C。由语序可排除B和D,由题意可知宾语从句用一般现在时表示说话时存在的状态。第7题先排除疑问句语序的A和C,再根据主句时态可知宾语从句应为一般过去时,故答案为D。第8题从The new-designed car is on show now.可知宾语从句用一般现在时,故选C。
五、考查动词不定式的用法
a. 不定式作主语常置于句末,用it作形式主语放在句首。
b. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有时带to,有时不带to。常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, allow, want, wish等;而在某些使役动词(如make, have, let等)和感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice, listen to等)后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。
c. forget/remember/regret后接不定式表示动作未做,接动名词表示动作发生了;stop to do sth.意思是“停下来去做(另一件事)”;stop doing sth.意思是“停止做某事”。
【中考链接】
1. It’s a good habit ____ a walk after dinner. (09济南)
A. to come B. to be C. to take D. to go
2. The teacher asked Ben ____ a difficult question in class. (09北京)
A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered
3. Doctors tell people ____ their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill. (09临沂)
A. to wash B. washes C. wash D. washing
4. ——How did your parents like your idea?
——They always let me ____ what I think is right. (09南充)
A. to do B. do C. doing
5. ——Is Jack in the library?
——Maybe. I saw him ____ out with some books just now. (09绍兴)
A. going B. go C. to go D. went
6. ——Don’t forget ____ my parents when you are in Beijing.
——OK! I won’t. (09长沙)
A. to see B. sees C. seeing
7. Mr Green asked us to stop ____. So we stopped ____ to him at once. (09南充)
A. talking; listening B. to talk; listening C. talking; to listen
【答案与简析】例1选C,考查动词不定式作真正主语,形式主语为it。例2选C,例3选A,分别考查ask sb. to do sth.和tell sb. to do sth.。例4选B,考查使役动词let后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。例5选B,考查感官动词see后接不定式与v-ing形式的区别,由just now可知动作已经完成。例6选A,表示“你到了北京不要忘了看望我的父母”。例7选C,考查stop to do sth.与stop doing sth.的区别。
六、考查反义疑问句用法
a. 如果陈述句是肯定式,附加问句就用否定式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句就用肯定式。
b. 如果陈述句中有hardly, nothing, never, little, few, nobody, neither等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句要用肯定形式。
c. 祈使句的附加问句一般是在句尾加“will you/won’t you?”,但是以let’s开头的祈使句的附加问句要用“shall we?”。
【中考链接】
1. Liu Qian has made “magic” a hot word, ____ he? (09临沂)
A. doesn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. isn’t
2. Our hometown is more beautiful than before, ____? (09济南)
A. isn’t it B. is it C. doesn’t it D. does it
3. There are two libraries in this city, ____? (09南充)
A. aren’t there B. aren’t they C. are two
4. Mr. Wang hardly spoke a word at the meeting yesterday. (改为反意疑问句)
Mr. Wang hardly spoke a word at the meeting yesterday, ____ ____? (09兰州)
5. John, clean your room, ____? (09芜湖)
A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you D. doesn’t he
【答案与简析】例1选C,例2选A,例3选A,陈述句均为肯定式,所以附加问句用否定式。例4填did he,陈述句中有hardly表示否定意义的词,故附加问句要用肯定形式。例5选A,前半部分为祈使句,故附加问句用will you。
◆can
a. 表示能力,有“能,会,能够”之意。
b. 表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句。
c. 表示请求或允许,此时可与may互换,在疑问句中还可用could。
【中考链接】
1. ——____ you swim?
——Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer. (09北京)
A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must
2. ——Can you play the piano?
——Yes, I ____. I often practice it on weekends. (09重庆)
A. needn’t B. need C. can’t D. can
3. ——Who’s the man over there? Is it Mr. Black?
——It ____ be him. He’s much taller. (09安徽)
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. should D. may
4. ——Who’s that girl swimming in the pool? Is it Lucy?
——It ____ be Lucy. She is sleeping in her bedroom now. (09济南)
A. may B. can’t C. must D. should
【答案与简析】例1,2考查情态动词can表能力,答案分别为A、D。例3,4考查情态动词can表推测,答案分别为A、B。
◆must
a. must意为“必须,应该”,其否定形式是mustn’t或must not,表示“禁止,不允许”。由must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答通常用needn’t或 don’t have to。
b. must还可表示肯定推测,意为“一定是,准是”,比may表示的肯定语气强。
【拓展】must强调说话人的主观看法,have to则强调客观需要;must一般用于现在时,而have to能用于多种时态(如现在时、过去时、将来时等)。
【中考链接】
5. ——Shall we go skateboarding after school?
——Sorry, my parents said that I ____ be at home early. (09山西)
A. need B. must C. may
6. ——Must I wash my hands before meals, Mum?
——Yes, you ____. (09常德)
A. must B. can C. need
7. ——Mr Wang, must I come again on Sunday morning to clean the windows?
——No, you ____. I have asked others to do it. (09广东)
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
8. ——Must I get up before six o’clock tomorrow morning, Dad?
——No, you ____. Tomorrow is Saturday. You may get up later. (09襄樊)
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. may not
9. ——Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.
——It ____ be very expensive. I never even dream about it. (09江西)
A. must B. might C. can’t D. shouldn’t
10. ——Would you like to go shopping with me now?
——I’m afraid I can’t. I ____ wash my clothes. (09仙桃)
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
【答案与简析】例5选B,例6选A,考查must表“必须”及其答语,强调说话人的主观看法。例7选A,例8选C,考查must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答。例9选A,考查must表肯定推测。例10选D,考查have to表客观上必须。
二、考查过去进行时
a. 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作。
b. 过去进行时常与 at this time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when+从句等时间状语连用。
【中考链接】
1. ——Were you at home at 7 o’clock last night?
——Yes, I ____ a shower at that time. (09宁波)
A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking
2. ——Did you go to the flower show in the City Square?
——No. I ____ how to make food then. (09绍兴)
A. learn B. learned C. was learning D. am learning
3. Jimmy ____ TV when his mother got home. (09湖州)
A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. was watching
【答案与简析】例1选B,由时间状语at that time可知谓语应为过去进行时。例2选C,由语境可知空格表示过去正在进行的动作,故应填过去进行时。例3选D,由when引导的时间状语从句可知主句应为过去进行时。
三、考查条件状语从句
a. 条件状语从句引导词的选用。
b. 条件状语从句主从句时态的对应。与时间状语从句一样,在条件状语从句中,若主句中的谓语动词是一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
【中考链接】
1. You’d better look up the new word in a dictionary ____ you don’t know it. (09兰州)
A. if B. that C. though D. whether
2. If it ____ tomorrow, we will stay at home. We won’t go to the museum. (09广东)
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained
3. If I find his phone number, I ____ you. (09北京)
A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told
【答案与解析】例1选A,根据句意可知应用if表示“如果,假如”。例2选B,考查条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。例3选C,由条件状语从句一般现在时可推知主句应用一般将来时。
四、考查宾语从句的语序和时态
a. 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句一律用陈述句语序。其标点符号由主句来决定。
b. 如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句可用所需要的任何时态。
c. 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。
d. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句是用什么时态,从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。
【中考链接】
1. Can you tell me ____?(09南充)
A. where does he come from B. how much is it
C. what it is used for
2. “Do you know ____ have our summer holiday?” “Next week.” (09贵阳)
A. when will we B. when are we C. when we will
3. How lovely the dog is! Can you tell me ____? (09山西)
A. where did you get it B. where will you get it
C. where you got it
4. I really want to know ____.(09兰州)
A. what is wrong with my brother B. how will he go to Beijing tomorrow
C. if had he bought that car D. where did he go yesterday
5. ——Can you tell me ____?
——She is in the computer lab. (09北京)
A. where Linda was B. where is Linda
C. where was Linda D. where Linda is
6. ——Could you tell me ____? I must find him.
——Sorry. I don’t know. But he was here just now. (09孝感)
A. where Tom was B. where has Tom gone C. where Tom is D. where can I find Tom
7. ——Sorry, what did you say just now?
——I asked ____.(09山东)
A. when did he leave B. where you have been
C. whom will you go with D. how I could get to the station
8. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder ____. (09河北)
A. how much it cost B. how much did it cost
C. how much it costs D. how much does it cost
【答案与简析】由宾语从句用陈述句语序可知以上1-4题答案依次为CCCA。第5题选D。由语序可排除B和C,再根据She is in the computer lab.可知宾语从句用一般现在时。第6题选C。由语序可排除B和D,由题意可知宾语从句用一般现在时表示说话时存在的状态。第7题先排除疑问句语序的A和C,再根据主句时态可知宾语从句应为一般过去时,故答案为D。第8题从The new-designed car is on show now.可知宾语从句用一般现在时,故选C。
五、考查动词不定式的用法
a. 不定式作主语常置于句末,用it作形式主语放在句首。
b. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时,有时带to,有时不带to。常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, allow, want, wish等;而在某些使役动词(如make, have, let等)和感官动词(如hear, see, watch, notice, listen to等)后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。
c. forget/remember/regret后接不定式表示动作未做,接动名词表示动作发生了;stop to do sth.意思是“停下来去做(另一件事)”;stop doing sth.意思是“停止做某事”。
【中考链接】
1. It’s a good habit ____ a walk after dinner. (09济南)
A. to come B. to be C. to take D. to go
2. The teacher asked Ben ____ a difficult question in class. (09北京)
A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered
3. Doctors tell people ____ their hands often and to stay home if they feel ill. (09临沂)
A. to wash B. washes C. wash D. washing
4. ——How did your parents like your idea?
——They always let me ____ what I think is right. (09南充)
A. to do B. do C. doing
5. ——Is Jack in the library?
——Maybe. I saw him ____ out with some books just now. (09绍兴)
A. going B. go C. to go D. went
6. ——Don’t forget ____ my parents when you are in Beijing.
——OK! I won’t. (09长沙)
A. to see B. sees C. seeing
7. Mr Green asked us to stop ____. So we stopped ____ to him at once. (09南充)
A. talking; listening B. to talk; listening C. talking; to listen
【答案与简析】例1选C,考查动词不定式作真正主语,形式主语为it。例2选C,例3选A,分别考查ask sb. to do sth.和tell sb. to do sth.。例4选B,考查使役动词let后接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。例5选B,考查感官动词see后接不定式与v-ing形式的区别,由just now可知动作已经完成。例6选A,表示“你到了北京不要忘了看望我的父母”。例7选C,考查stop to do sth.与stop doing sth.的区别。
六、考查反义疑问句用法
a. 如果陈述句是肯定式,附加问句就用否定式;如果陈述句是否定式,附加问句就用肯定式。
b. 如果陈述句中有hardly, nothing, never, little, few, nobody, neither等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句要用肯定形式。
c. 祈使句的附加问句一般是在句尾加“will you/won’t you?”,但是以let’s开头的祈使句的附加问句要用“shall we?”。
【中考链接】
1. Liu Qian has made “magic” a hot word, ____ he? (09临沂)
A. doesn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. isn’t
2. Our hometown is more beautiful than before, ____? (09济南)
A. isn’t it B. is it C. doesn’t it D. does it
3. There are two libraries in this city, ____? (09南充)
A. aren’t there B. aren’t they C. are two
4. Mr. Wang hardly spoke a word at the meeting yesterday. (改为反意疑问句)
Mr. Wang hardly spoke a word at the meeting yesterday, ____ ____? (09兰州)
5. John, clean your room, ____? (09芜湖)
A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you D. doesn’t he
【答案与简析】例1选C,例2选A,例3选A,陈述句均为肯定式,所以附加问句用否定式。例4填did he,陈述句中有hardly表示否定意义的词,故附加问句要用肯定形式。例5选A,前半部分为祈使句,故附加问句用will you。