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1 选材 选取新鲜或经固定的5岁以下童尸(要求头部无破损,无外伤史).如是新鲜标本,需用10%福尔马林溶液彻底固定;已经取脑的标本,固定前需用棉花填塞颅腔,以防塌陷变形.2 方法 (1)解离寰枕关节,将颅取下.去掉颅外软组织及颅内脑组织(注意颅缝处保留1～2厘米软组织),流水下冲洗干净.(2)将颅骨浸入1%盐酸脱钙一天左右,取出于流水下冲洗3至4小时,或于清水中浸泡1至2天,以降低颅骨中酸的浓度.(3)将脱钙后的颅骨置于1%的氢氧化钾中浸泡1～2天,初步透明并中和多余的盐酸.(4)取出颅骨,流水下冲洗1～2小时后置入10%的双氧水中漂白3～4天(最好放在阳光下,以增强漂白效果).然后取出,流水下冲洗1～2小时,甩干水分.(5)将漂白后的标本依次置于60%、70%、80%、90%的甘油中逐级透明,每级5～7天.最后放入纯甘油中透明3～4天后留待保存.(6)将透明后的标本移入纯甘油中,装瓶密闭保存.3 操作中的几点体会 (1)脱钙用的盐酸浓度不宜过大,以免将颅缝处软组织腐蚀掉.也不宜过小,过小会延长脱钙时间.(2)脱钙时间不宜过长,应当随时触摸颅骨的硬度,当触摸时有弹性即可停止脱钙.(3)氢氧化钾的浓度不
1 Selection of fresh or fixed selection of children under the age of 5 dead (head without damage, no history of trauma) .If fresh specimens, need to be completely fixed with 10% formalin solution; With cotton padding cranial cavity to prevent collapse deformation .2 methods (1) dissociation atlanto-occipital joint, the skull removed.Remove the extracranial soft tissue and intracranial brain tissue (note the cranial suture Department to retain 1 to 2 cm of soft tissue), clean under running water . (2) The skull immersed in 1% hydrochloric acid decalcification for about a day, taken out of running water for 3 to 4 hours, or soaked in water for 1 to 2 days to reduce the skull acid concentration. (3) Of the skull placed in 1% potassium hydroxide soak for 1 to 2 days, the initial transparent and neutralized excess hydrochloric acid (4) remove the skull, wash under water for 1 to 2 hours after exposure to 10% hydrogen peroxide bleach 3 ~ 4 days (preferably in the sun, to enhance the bleaching effect.) And then removed under running water rinse for 1 to 2 hours, dry the water. (5) The bleached specimens followed by 60%, 70%, 80% , 90% of the gradual and transparent glycerol, each level of 5 to 7 days and finally into pure glycerol in the transparent 3 to 4 days to be preserved. (6) After the transparent specimen into pure glycerol, bottling Closed preservation .3 operation experience (1) decalcified hydrochloric acid concentration should not be too large, so as not to corneal soft tissue suture at the craniotomy. Also should not be too small, too small will extend the decalcification time. (2) decalcification Time should not be too long, you should always touch the hardness of the skull, when the touch is flexible to stop decalcification. (3) concentration of potassium hydroxide is not