闽商在上海近代化中的地位

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近代上海闽商群体在城市经济发展中的基本轨迹呈整体退却与部分活跃态势,尽管如此,它仍然是近代上海最重要的商人群体之一,在上海的近代化中影响不可或缺。上海开埠前后,已经形成埠际贸易、对外贸易和城市零售商业三重商业主体结构,其中,国内埠际贸易居于这一结构首要的、主体的地位,而上海闽商便是埠际贸易体系的重要承担者。一度与上海的粤商双峰拼峙,是上海不少行业和同业组织的开拓者。同时,上海闽商还将南北洋的沿海埠际贸易和对外贸易(主要是对南洋诸国的贸易)联系起来,成为上海最具实力的商人群体之一。考察上海闽商的行业及其这些行业在上海经济结构中的地位,可以发现有二大突出的特点:首先上海闽商主要在商品流通领域,尤其是埠际流通领域比较活跃。其次,经营方式从晚清到民国有较大改变。上海开埠前后更多采用的是贩运兼营方式,19世纪60年代后,随着上海与长江中下游埠际贸易的拓展,逐渐成为申庄贸易主要商人,在城市商业领域更多地从事商品代理、商品批发等业务。当然,上海是福建商帮重要的但不是唯一的贸易据点,上海闽商的流动性与整体退却与近代福建商帮将东南亚作为主要的商贸市场,并投注于更大的热情有直接关联。同时,上海闽商在整体的退走中仍有一部分相当活跃,与甬、粤、徽等同为近代上海经济领域具有影响力的商人群体。 In modern times, the basic path of the Min merchants in Shanghai in the economic development of the city was retreating and partially active. Nevertheless, it remains one of the most important merchant groups in modern Shanghai, and it is indispensable in the modernization of Shanghai. Before and after the opening of Shanghai, the three main commercial structures of port-to-port trade, foreign trade and urban retail business have been formed. Among them, the domestic port-to-port trade lives in the primary and dominant position of this structure, while the merchant in Shanghai Minhang is the inter-port trade system Important bearer. Once with Shanghai and Guangdong bimodal fight confrontation, Shanghai is a pioneer in many industries and interbank organizations. At the same time, Shanghai Min Merchant also linked the coastal and inter-coastal trade and foreign trade in the North and the South Seas (mainly to the trade of Southeast Asian countries) and became one of the most powerful businessmen in Shanghai. To investigate the industries of Shanghai Min Merchants and their position in Shanghai’s economic structure, we can find two prominent features: First, Min Merchants in Shanghai are mainly active in the field of commodity circulation, especially in the field of inter-port circulation. Second, the mode of operation has changed greatly from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. Since the 1960s, with the expansion of the inter-gazetteer trade between Shanghai and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it has become the major trader of the Shenzhuang trade and has been engaged more in the commercial area of ​​the city Acting, commodity wholesale business. Of course, Shanghai is an important but not the only trading base for Fujian Commercial Bank. The liquidity and overall retreat of Fujian Merchants in Shanghai are directly related to the recent establishment of Southeast Asia as the main business market by Fujian Commercial Bank and betting on greater enthusiasm. At the same time, Shanghai Min Merchants still remained active in the overall retreat, and Ningbo, Guangdong and Anhui were the same influential groups of businessmen in modern Shanghai’s economy.
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